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The device does not have a device driver: When a device driver for a device is not available, Device Manager displays the device as Unknown Device and puts it in the Other devices branch. This is very common with universal serial bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) 1394 composite devices. The WaveRT port driver thus accommodates the needs of the direct memory access (DMA) controllers that some audio devices have. To distinguish itself from other wave-render and wave-capture devices, the WaveRT port driver registers itself under KSCATEGORYREALTIME in addition to KSCATEGORYAUDIO, KSCATEGORYRENDER and KSCATEGORYCAPTURE.

The WaveRT port driver combines the simplicity of the previous WaveCyclic port driver with the hardware-accelerated performance of the WavePci port driver.

The WaveRT port driver eliminates the need to continually map and copy audio data by providing its main client (typically, the audio engine) with direct access to the data buffer. This direct access also eliminates the need for the driver to manipulate the data in the audio stream. The WaveRT port driver thus accommodates the needs of the direct memory access (DMA) controllers that some audio devices have.

To distinguish itself from other wave-render and wave-capture devices, the WaveRT port driver registers itself under KSCATEGORY_REALTIME in addition to KSCATEGORY_AUDIO, KSCATEGORY_RENDER and KSCATEGORY_CAPTURE. This self-registration occurs during the installation of the adapter driver.

In Windows Vista and later operating systems, when the operating system starts and the audio engine is initialized, the audio engine enumerates the KS filters that represent the audio devices. During the enumeration, the audio engine instantiates the drivers for the audio devices that it finds. This process results in the creation of filter objects for these devices. For WaveRT audio devices, the resulting filter object has the following components:

• An instance of the WaveRT port driver to manage the generic system functions for the filter

• An instance of the WaveRT miniport driver to handle all the hardware-specific functions of the filter

After the filter object is created, the audio engine and the WaveRT miniport driver are ready to open an audio stream for the type of audio processing needed. To prepare the KS filter for audio rendering (playback), for example, the audio engine and the WaveRT miniport driver do the following to open a playback stream:

1. The audio engine opens a pin on the KS filter, and the WaveRT miniport driver creates an instance of the pin. When the audio engine opens the pin, it also passes the wave format of the stream to the driver. The driver uses the wave format information to select the proper buffer size in the next step.

2. The audio engine sends a request to the miniport driver for a cyclic buffer of a particular size to be created. The term cyclic buffer refers to the fact that when the buffer position register reaches the end of the buffer in a playback or record operation, the position register can automatically wrap around to the beginning of the buffer. Unlike the WaveCyclic miniport driver that sets up a contiguous block of physical memory, the WaveRT miniport driver does not need a buffer that is contiguous in physical memory. The driver uses the KSPROPERTY_RTAUDIO_BUFFER property to allocate space for the buffer. If the hardware of the audio device cannot stream from a buffer of the requested size, the driver works within the resource limitations of the audio device to create a buffer that is the closest in size to the originally requested size. The driver then maps the buffer into the DMA engine of the audio device and makes the buffer accessible to the audio engine in user-mode.

3. The audio engine schedules a thread to periodically write audio data to the cyclic buffer.

4. If the hardware of the audio device does not provide direct support for cyclic buffers, the miniport driver periodically reprograms the audio device to keep using the same buffer. For example, if the hardware does not support buffer looping, the driver must set the DMA address back to the start of the buffer each time it reaches the end of the buffer. This update can be done in either an interrupt service routine (ISR) or a high-priority thread.

The resulting configuration supplies a glitch-resilient audio signal on audio device hardware that either supports cyclic buffers or works with the miniport driver to regularly update its hardware.

To prepare a KS filter for audio capture (recording), the audio engine and the WaveRT miniport driver use similar steps to open a record stream.

One of the performance improvements provided by the WaveRT port driver is a reduction in the delay in the end-to-end processing of the audio stream during wave-render or wave-capture. This delay is referred to as stream latency.

For more information about these two types of stream latency, see the following topics.

For information about how to develop a WaveRT miniport driver that complements the WaveRT port driver, see the Developing a WaveRT Miniport Driver topic.

Prior to installing this device, ensure that your operating system is up to date (for example, you have installed the most recent service pack).

To install the USB Server software:

1. Download the latest software package from the StarTech.com website (http://www.startech.com/Support). You can find the part number and product ID on the product’s packaging.

Note: Windows will typically save the files to the Downloads folder that is associated with your user account (for example, C:Usersyour_nameDownloads).

2. Once the download is complete, right-click the zip folder that you downloaded, select Extract All, and follow the on-screen instructions.
3. Select the appropriate folder for your operating system.
4. Right-click Setup.exe.
5. Click Run as Administrator.

Note: If the Run as Administrator option is not available, you might be attempting to run the installer from within the zipped file. Extract the files using the instructions in Step 2.

6. Follow the on-screen prompts to install the software and restart the computer when prompted.
7. Your computer will automatically complete the software installation and your device should be ready to use.

Set up the software

Confirm that the extender is on the same network as your computer. If you are using a network with DHCP, you do not need to configure anything further.

If you are using an Ethernet cable to connect to the unit or you are using a network without DHCP, you need to change the IP address on your computer to the default IP network of the IP device server. Change the IP address of your system to 192.168.1.XXX, where XXX is a number between 1 and 49.

Note: The default IP address of the extender is 192.168.1.50 on the default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

USB Server software

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Your extender is detected by the USB Server software when the software is launched.

Note: It may take a few minutes for the server to appear in the software.

When the extender appears in the list (for example, USB2HDMI), click either the display or media device associated with the server. Click on one of the devices and then click Connect Device.

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When the USB Server software configuration is complete, the display and media devices are connected to your system as though the devices are installed locally. By default, Windows creates an extended desktop for the display, which you can reconfigure in the control panel.